Childs needs vs needs of the economy in formal education Essay

Childs needs vs needs of the economy in formal education - Essay Example The economic status of the nation and its needs serves as a marker as to what the society will or will not enjoy. It is very sound that education is one of the key in order for the economy to bloom. First, intelligent citizens that could react and work well to the accelarating global trend will do much contributions to the economic uplifting. The skills and values that children will learn in school is a valuable asset that they can use up to their proceeding years of life. In this context, the government or even parents encouraged their children to go have their formal education at their young age. The intention of early formal education is good, which is to make the child prepared for the needs of the economy. There is nothing wrong that children will learn how to read and write, or for them to learn how they are going to be responsible citizens. It is also good that they will will excel in their academic performance which might be the main reason for sending them to school at their early age. However, concentrating too much with the requirment of the economy in early formal education, mainly to the academic development of the child with to much expectation on academic performance at very young age is a serious issue. Academic expectation might be a thing that is in conflict with the child’s needs. This might outweighed children’s early development most especially the social and the cognitive progress. Early development in the child is very crucial, therefore it is necessary that every steps of that early development should not be disregarded. The concepts of Montessori about early child development is not necessarily to put pressure on the child by means of filling his mind with informations where he might not be ready of, but to cultivate the natural desire of the children to learn by means of designing situations wherein the children could react and eventually learn. It is the

Critical Analysis of Malcolm X Learning to Read Essay

Critical Analysis of Malcolm X Learning to Read - Essay Example Malcolm X’s â€Å"Learning to Read† has several important points. In addition to his narrative of how he got his education, Malcolm X’s essay also revealed how he came to be a leader of the black separatist movement that urged black Americans to cut their political, social and economic ties with the white community. The essay â€Å"Learning to Read† emphasized more what it intended to say when it expressed the experience of incredulity of the author’s first attempt to write sensibly. Malcolm X’s first sentence â€Å"It was because of my letters that I happened to stumble upon starting to acquire some kind of a homemade education† beautifully expressed the mindset when the author began his self-education.   Also, the comparison that he â€Å"had been the most articulate hustler out there† yet he â€Å"wasn’t even functional† to write a simple English provided the reader a â€Å"feel† of the difficulty of hi s experience of trying to write. Malcolm X was already an educated man when wrote his essay â€Å"Learning to Read† but he chose to use the analogy â€Å"nearly all the words that might as well have been in Chinese† to depict the colloquial perspective of an uneducated man who was having a hard time understanding the text of the books. We may think that assigning the word â€Å"Chinese† to a written text that is not understood to be wrong but the context of the essay made it appropriate and emphatic.... The usage of a street language â€Å"some kind of homemade education† also emphasized without explaining further what his state of mind was. Also, the comparison that he â€Å"had been the most articulate hustler out there† yet he â€Å"wasn’t even functional† to write a simple English provided the reader a â€Å"feel† of the difficulty of his experience of trying to write. Malcolm X was already an educated man when wrote his essay â€Å"Learning to Read† but he chose to use the analogy â€Å"nearly all the words that might as well have been in Chinese† to depict the colloquial perspective of an uneducated man who was having a hard time understanding the text of the books. We may think that assigning the word â€Å"Chinese† to a written text that is not understood to be wrong but the context of the essay made it appropriate and emphatic. In between his understanding how the white man had oppressed the non-whites, Malcolm X craft ily narrated his journey towards his learning that is engaging to the reader. The narration about how he would sneak past the guard to read during â€Å"lights out† time in prison made the essay more personal and engaging. The emphasis on his painstaking effort to copy the whole library to his tablet and reading it aloud to himself tells that he literally started as ignorant about the written text. Then slowly, his word based broadened and begun to understand the books that he wanted to read. From then on, there was no stopping for him to read and to search further for knowledge. It will be inappropriate to describe that Malcolm X was able to educate himself despite him being in prison. In his words, he was even grateful of his circumstances because it lead him towards erudition, â€Å"prison enabled

An Introduction To Early Care And Education Young People Essay

An Introduction To Early Care And Education Young People Essay This essay will identify the range of early years settings involved in the care and education of young children. Then discuss the roles and responsibilities of the professional workers involved in the setting. The essay will also evaluate the curricula appropriate to two different settings that will be focused on. The essay will culminate with a personal statement. First, the history of education of young children will be reflected upon. When the Education system first started and when children became important. Focusing on Education legislation, (historical to present day). Also looking at the various types of Early Year education provisions and the professionals that work in the provisions and their roles. Followed by a discussion on theorists that have had an impact upon Early Years provision. Next, there will be a discussion on social care and health care legislation which is affiliated to the support of childrens health and safety (historical to present day). Looking at the range of health care settings for early years. Discussing the various health professionals and their roles in relation to health care. Subsequently, the essay will look at management styles of the different settings using a reflection diary and identify the role of the professionals that work in various setting, discussing the definition of reflective practice and the i mportance of reflective practice. Finally, conclusions will be drawn as to whether the objectives have been met. Pre 1870 there was no organised system of education. Some children attended schools run by charities and churches or dame schools (called because they were run by women) for young children. There were fee paying schools for those rich enough to afford them. In early Victorian England, most children never went to school at all and grew up unable to read or write. Instead they were sent out to work to earn money for their families. Only the upper and middle class children went to school. It wasnt until 1880 that schooling became mandatory. All children had to attend a school until they were ten years old. In 1889, the school leaving age was raised to twelve, and in 1891, the schools pence fee was abolished and schools became free. Children were first considered important to society after the Victorian era (1837-1901). The era has been described as a source of the modern institution of childhood. Ironically, the Industrial Revolution during this era led to an increase in child labour, but due to the campaigning of the evangelicals, and efforts of author Charles Dickens (1812- 1870) and others, child labour was gradually reduced and halted in England via the Factory Acts of 1802-1878. The Victorians emphasized the role of the family and the sanctity of the child, this attitude has remained dominant in Western societies since then. The needs and welfare of children today are met through a series of polices and legislation which aims to protect and provide for their welfare. These policies are informed and underpinned by historical policies and legislation. The first legislation passed by the government to protect the children of the country was The Factory Act passed by the Government in 1833. It was intended to improve conditions for children working in factories. It introduced a compulsory two hours schooling each day for children. This was the first time that children of all backgrounds in the UK had access to education. Thirty seven years after the Factory Act of 1833, the Elementary Education Act of 1870 provided education on an extraordinary scale. This new law set up mass primary education (education for everyone). It was introduced because the government was worried that the working class was becoming revolutionary and also because it was thought that Britains economy we falling behind the rest of the world. The 1880 Education Act made school attendance compulsory for all children up to the age of ten. The school education boards were abolished under the 1902 Education Act. In their place Local Educational Authorities (LEAs) were created to organize funding, employ teachers and allocate school places. During the 1920s and 1930s Sir Henry Hadow (1859-1937) was responsible for several important reports on education in England. In 1926, a report entitled The Education of the Adolescent looked at primary education in detail for the first time. It prioritized activity and experience, rather than rote learning and discussed, for the first time, the specific needs of children with learning difficulties. The report also made the important recommendation of limiting class sizes to a maximum of thirty children. In 1931, another report was published: The Primary School was influenced by the educational ideas of  Swiss psychologist, Jean Piaget and advocated a style of teaching based on childrens interests. The 1944 Education Act saw the introduction of the tripartite system. Devised by Conservative MP Rab Butler (1902-1982), the Act introduced three different types of school: Grammar schools for the more academic pupil, Secondary Modern schools for a more practical, non-academic style of education and Technical schools for specialist practical education. Pupils were allocated to a particular type of school by taking an examination called the  11 Plus, which was also introduced under the Act. Secondary education now became free for all and the school-leaving age rose to 15. The Plowden Report is the unofficial name for the 1967 report of the Central Advisory Council for Education (England) into Primary Education. The report was called Children and their Primary Schools and was named after the chair of the Council, Lady Bridget Plowden (1910-2000). It observed that new skills were needed in society, stating that,  the qualities needed in a modern economy extend far beyond skills such as accurate spelling and arithmetic. They include greater curiosity and adaptability, a high level of aspiration, and others which are difficult to measure. (The Plowden Report 1967; Chapter 31; p433; verse 1175). The National Curriculum was introduced in the 1988 Education Act. It made all education the same for state-funded schools, ensuring that all pupils had access to a basic level of education. A selection of subjects were made compulsory including Mathematics, English, Science and some form of Religious Education. It also introduced sex education for the first time. The 2002 Education Act introduced the existing Foundation stage to become a new stage of the National Curriculum and Nursery education became inspected by Ofsted. There are many different types of organizations offering Early Years Education and childcare. There are independent private settings working for profit owned by companies or individuals, ranging from large nursery chains with hundreds of settings to owner-manager with only one setting. The nursery manager and deputy manager in all of these settings have the same responsibilities they are responsible for ensuring the nursery provides the best possible standards of care and education; ensuring the environment is safe and secure, where the children are valued as individuals through a loving and child centred approach in all aspects of the way the nursery is run. It is also the managers responsibility to ensure that the children have access to learning opportunities throughout their time at the nursery; providing learning activities which are educational, stimulating and fun. The Nursery staff need to have the correct level of qualification to work with children. Also they are required to have a working knowledge of Ofsted standards and the ability to work in partnership with parents. Workplace nurseries are classed within the private sector even though they may be run for the benefit of particular employees the professionals working there still need to have all the relevant qualifications to work with the children. Nannies and child minders are similar. Nannies are sometimes self-employed, but more often are employees of a family. Some nannies work for agencies. Childminders are self-employed individuals working from home. Ofsted require childminders and nannies to carry out a Paediatric first-aid course (first aid for children) as well as introductory courses in childminding. Voluntary sector comprises groups operated by a voluntary management committee and run for the benefit of the community rather than for profit (e.g. pre-school playgroups, parent/toddler groups, community day nurseries and sure start centres). Despite its name, most workers in the voluntary sector are paid employees, not volunteers. Public sector provision includes school-based services, such as nursery classes, and nursery schools, local authority day nurseries and nursery centres. These setting will have to have a trained Nursery teachers and a nursery nurses. The entire list of professionals mentioned above will have to have an enhanced Criminal Records Disclosure (CRB) and are required by law by anyone who works with children. In England 1700-1800 people became reformers and saw that they werent benefitting from the lifestyle. England was the first country in the world to undergo the Industrial Revolution and it created large numbers of working class people. A key figure that recognised the way children were treated was Robert Owen (1771-1858), he was a utopian radical socialist reformed mill owner who set up crà ¨ches for the children of his workers as well as housing and health facilities. His reform began around 1816. Pestalozzi (1745-1827) an Italian educationalist attempted to recognise the stages of development in childrens education. In 1836 the Pestalozzian Centre of Home and Colonel Education Infant school society began training teachers for infant schools in its college in London. Also very influential was the kindergarten movement. Froebel (1782-1852) first opened in England in 1851. Froebels vision was to educate the whole child, outdoor activities played significant part, but his vision was of the children as plants in the garden of school flowering and blossoming under the correct care and attention as you would a plant. Gradually though more precise nature of Froebels pedagogy and philosophies got taken over by a wider emphasis on play combined with domestic tasks as defined by the theorists of psychologists Stanley Hall (1884-1924) and John Dewey (1859-1952). Also these kindergartens were rescuers of the children of the urban poor so teachers became more like social workers. Another significant figure was Maria Montessori (1870-1952). Her work came to be seen as more a preserve of middle class private nurseries. Originally she worked with deprived children in Naples and aimed to develop cognitive physical linguistic social and self care skills through carefully structured play activities and equipment. She was a big advocate of natural material such as wooden blocks, sandpaper letters and thought that too many brightly coloured toys and pictures could over stimulate the children. Children were taught to concentrate on one activity then put it away and move on to the next activity. During the First and the Second World War committees argued the importance of child care. Margaret McMillan (1860-1931) and Rachel McMillan (1859-1917) were Christian socialists and were the originators of the Nursery School concept. In 1913 the first open aired nursery was opened in London, it focused on sense training and the health of the young children. Sand, water, clay and paint were used and free cooked meals were given and the children were encouraged to enjoy fresh air as much as possible with covered area outside. In 1960 the Playgroup Movement (1961-1987) was started by Belle Tutaev. She started a Campaign for Nursery Education and organised a petition collecting three and a half thousand signatures that she sent to those in authority. She wrote letters to Councillors and knocked on doors pleading for some provision to be made for the under fives. So, being a trained teacher, she decided to do it herself ! She hired a hall, raised funds and opened her own Nursery/Playgroup. It proved such a success that she felt sure others could do as she had done, so she penned a letter to The Guardian that appeared on 25 August 1961. A small committee was formed and the National Association of Pre-school Playgroups was formally constituted on 10 July 1962 and registered as a charity. Historically, child health surveillance and screening have been central to monitoring childrens health and development (Luker and Orr 1996; Hall and Elliman, 2004). There is no doubt that health throughout life is influenced by the experiences in early years of childhood. Recent government policy has highlighted the importance of health professionals working with families and children to improve their health outcomes (Acheson, 1998). Looking back at past legislation there have been indications since the Industrial Revolution of the need to protect children. In 1834 New Poor Law placed duty on parents to protect their children. The children not cared for would be looked after by the state as an apprentice. The aim of the Act was to reduce poverty but in fact perpetuated it. The children were also still counted as the fathers property with their welfare in his hands. This would not change until Childrens Law Reform Act 1990. 1847 Public Health Act aimed at improving the environment and childrens health, education added to local authoritys responsibility. The Act laid foundations for todays health provisions. The late 19th century was a time of social deprivation and great hardship for many children. On 8 July 1884, The London Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was established. Lord Shaftesbury (1801-1885) was appointed as president and the Reverend Benjamin Waugh (1839-1908) and Reverend Edward Rudolf (1852-1933) as joint honorary secretaries. Waugh was to be significant in shaping the Societys future. After witnessing the levels of deprivation and child cruelty in Greenwich, London where he lived, Waughs urgent priority was to draw public and government attention to the plight of children. At the 1889 annual general meeting the Society changed its name to the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC). By 1945 we had uniformed child welfare services, but local authorities continued to hold overall responsibility for social care or services and child care. Legislation aimed at evolving the development of childrens rights and care embedded in health, education and social care legislation, but childhood becoming more and more regulated and controlled. Political theorists of this time such as Mill (1773-1836) and Locke (1632-1704) lobbied for the protection of children whilst Paine (1737-1809) and Neill (1883-1973) campaigned for the liberation of children. Currently there are over 4,000 non-statutory agencies worldwide, helping millions of people and children, none of whom are part of any government organisation (Harrison 2004, in Wyse, 2004). As Stone and Rixon (2008)state in (Foley and Rixon, 2008), the drive for services to work more closely together is not a new phenomenon, it has existed as long as there have been different groups of people providing services to families. In his 2003 report into the death of Victoria Climbie, Lord Laming highlighted the need for all parties involved in the care and education to engage in more collaborative working practices. His enquiry led to enhanced legislation, as the findings of the report were incorporated into update of the Children Act (2004) and in response to the recommendations, the Every Child Matters green paper was published in 2003. The reports became fundamental to the development of child health services. They required health professionals and families to form relationships of partnership rather than supervision, in which parents could be empowered to make use of services and expertise according to their needs. The Fourth Edition of Health For All Children (Hall and Elliman 2004), included recommendations for a streamlined surveillance programme, with even greater emphasis on health promotion and primary prevention. Although the health of children is predominantly a parental responsibility, society has a vested interest in ensuring that parents are supported to improve the health and well-being of their children. This will help to ensure the needs and rights of our children are respected. There are five main types of childrens services there are Health services, Social services, Education and Leisure and Recreation. The health services that are available in schools for children are mainly School Nurses and support workers, working in a team or network to offer needs based approach to the provision of healthcare within schools for children. School Nurses have a public health role with school-aged children, their families, schools and the surrounding communities to promote health. Also there is the early years and health visiting service. This service refers to multi disciplinary early years teams delivering a family centered public health role. The services that hospitals provide are General paediatrics. This service refers to all non-tertiary hospital based activity. Maternity staff also cover Antenatal care, Intrapartum care, and Post natal care. The Health Visitor is a qualified registered nurse, midwife or psychiatric nurse with specialist qualifications in community health, which includes child health, health promotion and education. The role involves promoting health in the whole community and the health visitor is particularly involved with families who have children under five. Every family has a named health visitor, the role is to offer support and encouragement to families through the early years from pregnancy and birth to primary school and beyond. They work closely with GPs and cover the geographical area of the GP practice. Most health visitors work alongside midwives preparing parents for the birth of their baby by their involvement in pre-birth classes. One of the practical placements visited was a preschool. The preschool was without a manager at present so the deputy manager was in charge. There were eight members of staff all female, only one was a full time member of staff. The preschool is situated at the back of the school in a porter cabin, it does have all the facilities needed for the children but could use an update. A definition of a preschool or a play school is to be an educational institution for children too young for elementary school. For parents, it is a common place where toddlers meet, play and spend time together under the supervision of qualified adults. It is also where the children gain experience to enable them to transition into reception class. The pre-school deputy managers role is to provide inclusive play and learning opportunities for all children attending and to maintain a safe, stimulating and enjoyable environment. She or he will assist the pre-school manager in curriculum planning within the pre-school. They will manage the provision in the absence of the pre-school manager. The Statutory Framework for Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) states that all early years providers must by law deliver, regardless of type, size or funding of the setting, follow the EYFS framework. The EYFS comprises a set of welfare requirements and a set of learning and development requirement that all childcare providers must comply with. (Ref) The second practical placement visited was an Ormiston Childrens Centre. Ormiston is the biggest childrens charity in the East of England. They work to improve the wellbeing of children, young people and their families, whatever their circumstances. The Ormiston Centre is an exciting community project with excellent facilities for supporting children, young people and families through a range of health promoting physical activities, sport and learning opportunities. The emphasis is on providing fun activities which promote physical and social well-being rather than ability or excellence. The service manager of Ormiston Centre Colchester states that, as service manager  I have  responsibility to develop play and learning and address issues related to childcare.   With this in mind I have close contact with all pre-school, parent and  toddler groups. I  help to develop good practice built on experience and identify support where appropriate. The author assessed her own placement settings and found that the management styles were allot different from each setting. The evidence of this was discovered by observing the the different styles of management at both settings and comparing them (see appendix 1 and 2). Looking at the different style the author focused on three areas: all round management, sudden decision making and involvement with the children. Also looking at the three main categories of leadership styles: autocratic, paternalistic and democratic and observing which category the different placement managers follow. Autocratic managers like to make all the important decisions and closely supervise and control workers. Managers do not trust workers and simply give orders (one-way communication) that they expect to be obeyed. (Ref). This approach derives from the views of Taylor (1856-1915) as to how to motivate workers and relates to McGregors (1906 1964) theory X view of workers. This approach has limitations (as highlighted by other motivational theorists such as Mayo (1880-1949) and Herzberg (1923-2000) but it can be effective in certain situations. Paternalistic managers give more attention to the social needs and views of their workers. Managers are interested in how happy workers feel and in many ways they act as a father figure. (Ref). They consult employees over issues and listen to their feedback or opinions. The manager will however make the actual decisions. The style is closely linked with Mayos Human Relation view of motivation and also the social needs of Maslow (1908 1970). A democratic style of management will put trust in employees and encourage them to make decisions. They will delegate to them the authority to do this and listen to their advice. This requires good two-way communication and often involves democratic discussion groups, which can offer useful suggestions and ideas. Managers must be willing to encourage leadership skills in subordinates. (Ref). This style has close links with Herzbergs motivators and Maslows higher order skills and also applies to McGregors theory Y view of workers. Looking at appendix 1 the observations of the deputy managers behaviour on page 17-19 confirms the authors opinion that within the preschool the management style seems to be extremely autocratic. This could be down to not enough training, lack of confidence or negligence of position. Comparing this attitude to Taylors theory of Scientific Management argued the idea that workers are motivated mainly by pay. This could be the case at the preschool as the management doesnt seem to get involved with the children which is the main reason that professionals are present. As stated earlier the deputy managers role is to provide inclusive play and learning opportunities for all children in a stimulating and enjoyable environment. This doesnt seem to be happening. When observing the management style of the Ormiston manager it seems that she understands her role and has a great deal of passion for the position. After carful observation it felt like the management style of the Ormiston manager was paternalistic with a little witnessing of a democratic style. This can be seen in appendix 2 on page 20. In fact, comparing these two different management styles it appeared to the author that the management style of the Ormiston Centre seemed more successful than that of the preschool. Hopefully the preschool will obtain a manager to fill the position soon. Reflective practice is not a new concept. Boud, Keogh and Walker (1985) stated twenty years ago that it features the individual and his or her experiences, leading to a new theoretical view or understanding. They included the element of learning, as well as involvement of the self, to define reflective practice: Reflection is a forum of response of the learner to experience (Boud et al. 1985, page18). Johns and Freshwater (1998) also described the value of reflective practice as a means of learning. Reflection is a process of reviewing an experience of practice in order to describe, analyse, evaluate and so inform learning about practice (Reid, 1993 p.305). Reflective practice is something more than thoughtful practice. It is that form of practice that seeks to problematise many situations of professional performance so that they can become potential learning situations and so the practitioners can continue to learn, grow and develop in and through practice (Jarvis, 1992 p.180). According to the educator Professor David Boud, effective learning will not occur unless you reflect. To do this, you must think of a particular moment in time, ponder over it, go back through it and only then will you gain new insights into different aspects of that situation. According to Kolb (1984) reflecting is an essential element of learning. This is shown through an experiential learning cycle. To conclude, the range of early years settings involved in the health care and education of young children has been explored by examining the history of education and the history of the health service using legislation and key theorists. The essay has also examined management within the settings and the various roles of professionals working with different settings and how government legislation has changed over time. It has been learnt that it is essential that all families and children are aware of the different types of education and health care services provided in the early stages of child development and that there are a lot of different settings available to all different needs and backgrounds. Also that a good management style in child care is fundamental in producing an all round successful setting no matter what the circumstances. For future practice the key points that the author has taken away is that there are a lot of different professionals out there that are able to offer the support and help that is needed for young children and parents to have successful and happy lives. Also that a successful manager is not all about paper work, delegation and targets. Its about getting stuck in to all areas of Early Years and proving to yourself and your staff that you are a team. Reference List (* denotes those referenced in-text) *Acheson, D. (1998). Acheson Report : Indepent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health. London: Her Majestys Stationery Office Arià ¨s, P. (1962). Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Atherson, J.S. (2009) Learning and Teaching; Reflection and Reflective Practice [online] http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/reflecti.htm (Accessed 26 May 2010) *A Sure Start Childrens Centre (2003-2010) Colchester Childrens Centres [online] http://www.colchester.surestart.org/index.php?page_id=1 (Accessed .) *Barrow, M. (1999) Project Britain: The Victorians Schools during the Victorian Times. [online] http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/victorians/children/schools.htm (Accessed .) Boas, G. (1966). The Cult of Childhood. London: Warburg * Bray, J. Conway, J. Dykins, M. Hawkins, W. Slay, L and Webster, I.(2008) Memories of the Playgroup Movement in Wales 1961-1987 [online] pdf Wales Pre-school Playgroups Association http://www.playgroupmemorieswales.org.uk/Memories_of_the_playgroup.pdf (Accessed .) Bruner, J. (1997) Lord Ashley [online] http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRashley.htm (Accessed .) Cole, G.A (2004) Management Theory and Practice. Sixth Edition Thomson *Corbett, B. (1985) Centuries of Childhood [online] http://www.webster.edu/~corbetre/philosophy/children/aries.html (Accessed .) Reference List (continued) Cunningham, H. ( 1995). Children and Childhood in Western Society since 1500. London: Longman. Department of Education Statutory framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage [online] pdf http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/151379 (Accessed .. Department of Health Durham University (2005) Child Health, CAMHS and Maternity Mapping Service types used in the mapping. [online] http://www.childhealthmapping.org.uk/help/servicetypes.php#srvctyp_34 (Accessed .) Department of Education Northern Ireland (1997) Curricular Guidance for Pre-school Education [online] pdf Northern Ireland Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment. http://www.deni.gov.uk/preschool_curricular-2.pdf (Accessed .) DfES, (2004). Every Child Matters: Change for Children. London: QCAA Dickens, C. (1854) Hard Times. Barnes and Nobble Classics. *Elliman, D and Hall, D.M.B (2003) Health for all Children. Revised Fourth Edition. Oxford University Press. Foley, P (2001) Children in Society, Contemporary Theory, Policy and Practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Freeston, M.(2006) Pre School Learning Alliance: Children First [online]. http://childrenfirst2006.co.uk/the-early-years-foundation-stage.html (Accessed .) Foley, P and Rixon, A (2008) Changing Childrens Services: Working and Learning Together. The Open University.

Employee morale Essay -- essays research papers

NON-TRADITIONAL WORKING HOURS IMPROVE EMPLOYEE MORALE & INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY Prepared for Mr. Robert Pigg, President Lakedale Manufacturing 1 Desert Storm Drive Niceville, FL 33870 Prepared by Human Resource Department Lakedale Manufacturing 320 Ardennes Street Arabia, NC 28357 Lakedale Manufacturing Human Resource Department 320 Ardennes Street Arabia, NC 28357 Mr. Robert Pigg, President Lakedale Manufacturing 1 Desert Storm Drive Niceville, FL 33870 Dear Mr. Pigg: Here is the report on the productivity and morale study concerning working hours you asked us to conduct. As you will see we have made recommendations to support the benefits of flexibility in working hours which will increase productivity and morale in the work place. This office is confident you will see the benefits in flexible working hours at the Lakedale Manufacturing Plant in North Carolina. We really appreciate the opportunity you have given this office to conduct a study of this magnitude. If you need additional information concerning this report or in implementing our recommendations, please call us. Sincerely yours, Gary Gobble Chief, Human Resources Department Laws and Regulations Policies and Procedures When it comes to laws and regulations, we must keep in mind that the relationship between an employee and the organization is a contractual one. The employee and the organization must agree on the terms and conditions that will govern their relationship. This agreement is made at the time the employee is hired for a certain position. Any change or modification to the original agreement must be agreed upon by both the employee and the organization. The laws and regulations that govern the contractual relationship come from several different sources and place constraints on the relationship. They may be statutory federal laws or state and local laws that supplement those found at the federal level. The constraints placed on the relationship are necessary. They seek to ensure a balance of power in the relationship as well as provide specific protections to both the employee and the organization. Up to this point Lakedale Manufacturing is in compliance with all federal, state and local laws. At this time the only legislation to mandate rights to alternative working time options is the Federal Part-Time Career Employment Act of 1978. This act made reduced-time options available... ...w skills and work at different tasks? Is there any specific schedule you need? Would you be available for over-time if needed? TIME REPORTING After we make selections of the teams we need to be define how we will record hours worked by these teams. How can we simplify the documentation process without having a mountain of paperwork? Since we already use Excel, we can design a flextime spreadsheet template for keeping track of hours worked by each employee. We can also buy the software from IT Resource Services. IT Resource Services offers this software in both the Mac or PC format. This spreadsheet automates all the time-consuming calculations necessary to track actual daily time worked and the balance of time accumulated under the flextime system. The spreadsheet can be printed at the end of each flextime reporting period to be submitted as the official report to Personnel Services. RECOMMENDATION To promote these family friendly programs, I recommend that we facilitate the team work project. I also recommend we begin the survey of our employees. To save time and man hours I believe we should contact IT Resource Services for procurement of the time keeping spreadsheet template.

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17 ’Childhood is certainly not the happiest time of your life’ It’s about time somebody exploded that hoary old myth about childhood being the happiest period of your life. Childhood may certainly be fairly happy, but it’s greatest moments can’t compare with the sheer joy of being an adult. Who ever asked a six-year-old for an opinion? Children don’t have opinions, or if they do, nobody notices. Adults choose the clothes their children will wear, the books they will read and the friends they will play with. Mother and father are kindly but absolute dictators.This is an adult world and though children may be deeply loved, they have to be manipulated so as not to interfere too seriously with the lives of their elders and betters. The essential difference between manhood and childhood is the same as the difference between independence and subjection. For all the nostalgic remarks you hear, which adult would honestly change places with a child? T hink of the years at school: the years spent living in constant fear of examinations and school reports. Every movement you make, every thought you think is observed by some critical adult who may draw unflattering conclusions about your character.Think of the curfews, the marital law, the times you had to go to bed early, do as you were told, eat disgusting stuff that was supposed to be good for you. Remember how ‘gentle’ pressure was applied with remarks like ‘if you don’t do as I say, I’ll †¦ ’ and a dire warning would follow. Even so, these are only part of a child’s troubles. No matter how kind and loving adults may be, children often suffer from terrible, illogical fears which are the result of ignorance and an inability to understand the world around them. Nothing can equal the abject fear a child may feel in the dark, the absolute horror of childish nightmares.Adults can share their fears with other adults; children invaria bly face their fears alone. But the most painful part of childhood is the period when you begin to emerge from it: adolescence. Teenagers may rebel violently against parental authority, but this causes them great unhappiness. There is a complete lack of self-confidence during this time. Adolescents are over-conscious of their appearance and the impression they make on others. They feel shy, awkward and clumsy. Feelings are intense and hearts easily broken. Teenagers experience moments of tremendous elation or black despair.And through this turmoil, adults seem to be more hostile than ever. What a relief it is to grow up. Suddenly you regain your balance; the world opens up before you. You are free to choose; you have your own place to live in and your own money to spend. You do not have to seek constant approval for everything you do. You are no longer teased, punished or ridiculed by heartless adults because you failed to come up to some theoretical standard. And if on occasion you are teased, you know how to deal with it. You can simply tell other adults to go to hell: you are one yourself. Nada 17 ’Childhood is certainly not the happiest time of your life’ It’s about time somebody exploded that hoary old myth about childhood being the happiest period of your life. Childhood may certainly be fairly happy, but it’s greatest moments can’t compare with the sheer joy of being an adult. Who ever asked a six-year-old for an opinion? Children don’t have opinions, or if they do, nobody notices. Adults choose the clothes their children will wear, the books they will read and the friends they will play with. Mother and father are kindly but absolute dictators.This is an adult world and though children may be deeply loved, they have to be manipulated so as not to interfere too seriously with the lives of their elders and betters. The essential difference between manhood and childhood is the same as the difference between independence and subjection. For all the nostalgic remarks you hear, which adult would honestly change places with a child? T hink of the years at school: the years spent living in constant fear of examinations and school reports. Every movement you make, every thought you think is observed by some critical adult who may draw unflattering conclusions about your character.Think of the curfews, the marital law, the times you had to go to bed early, do as you were told, eat disgusting stuff that was supposed to be good for you. Remember how ‘gentle’ pressure was applied with remarks like ‘if you don’t do as I say, I’ll †¦ ’ and a dire warning would follow. Even so, these are only part of a child’s troubles. No matter how kind and loving adults may be, children often suffer from terrible, illogical fears which are the result of ignorance and an inability to understand the world around them. Nothing can equal the abject fear a child may feel in the dark, the absolute horror of childish nightmares.Adults can share their fears with other adults; children invaria bly face their fears alone. But the most painful part of childhood is the period when you begin to emerge from it: adolescence. Teenagers may rebel violently against parental authority, but this causes them great unhappiness. There is a complete lack of self-confidence during this time. Adolescents are over-conscious of their appearance and the impression they make on others. They feel shy, awkward and clumsy. Feelings are intense and hearts easily broken. Teenagers experience moments of tremendous elation or black despair.And through this turmoil, adults seem to be more hostile than ever. What a relief it is to grow up. Suddenly you regain your balance; the world opens up before you. You are free to choose; you have your own place to live in and your own money to spend. You do not have to seek constant approval for everything you do. You are no longer teased, punished or ridiculed by heartless adults because you failed to come up to some theoretical standard. And if on occasion you are teased, you know how to deal with it. You can simply tell other adults to go to hell: you are one yourself.

Childcare Essay

4.3 Explain how play and activities are used to support the development of speech, language and communication. Play is vital to a child and young person’s development because it enables them to enjoy learning and promotes their development and also helps with their speech, language and communication skills, their physical, emotional, social and intellectual development. Parents and practitioners need to understand how play supports children to learn and communicate with others, as it supports their speech language and listening skills. There are numerous games you can play with a child, young person in almost any environment and at any time, such as†¦ †¢When traveling in a car, plane or train. †¢Playing in the park, visiting the zoo or other centres. †¢Going to the supermarket or within the local community. †¢In the home, garden or at a setting they attend. When we provide positive interactions, facilities and visit, attend or live in enabling environments we are encouraging and supporting the right atmosphere for children and young people they can learn and develop their speech language and communication skills. As children develop good communication skills, the children will also need to be able to share and discuss their learning with their carers and their peers to help them to develop relationships. We can encourage children by helping them with their own concentration skills how they use their own observations, by listening and interacting with others this will help them to develop knowledge and their intellectual skills, their concentration and attention development. We need to provide a diverse range of resources to enable them to play, learn and develop their communication skills such as- †¢Books -are a great way of developing their speech and literacy skills, you could focus on books with symbolic sounds for early speech, story books to develop language, or looking at pictures and commenting on what you see, and listening to what the child and young person says. Providing a wide range of assorted books in other languages and different font sizes so that children with visual needs or other languages can read and understand. This is important to promote inclusion. We can also provide books in braille or audio and video books †¢Role play- dressing up and pretending in the different role play  areas will expand a child or young person’s creative imagination. They can talk and share ideas through role play and create stories to share and discuss their knowledge, feelings and imagination. When children use multi-cultural resources and new objects in their paly they learn about the names of different foods and other items in the role play area. †¢Music, songs, verse and rhymes- is also a good way to help them with their speech and language as it promotes repetition of words when we sing and talk in verses and rhymes. Children learn through repetition and singing rhymes is a good way to teach language. We can use musical instruments to teach beat and rhythm, fast and slow, quiet and loud which also promotes listening skills. When children and YP are taking part in a group it is enabling them to communicate and to interact with others or one other person. Making up songs at bedtime or bath times creates a good routine for them to join in to develop their skills to communicate. †¢Creativity – providing a wide range of creative materials which are available for children to play with will enable a child or young person to express themselves creatively, they can then share their ideas and how they created their item. It also encourages them to use their fingers and hands and develops their hand and eye coordinati on skills. When they are being creative they can be choosing and making choices and decisions such as paintings, drawing, tracing all these activities prompt communication as they discuss and use the tools to create and also is helping with their fine motor skills. †¢Small world play- when children play with small toys such as cars, trains, planes, animals, dolls, characters and shapes etc. They will use them creatively and make noises and sounds that they make and this will help to develop their awareness of sounds, pitch and tones. When children and adults share these toys they work together and share language and knowledge this supports the child to learn the names of objects and the sounds they make and what they are used for developing intellectual knowledge and also their language skills. †¢Puppets and dolls- children and young people will have grown up playing with. †¢Baking and cooking will-when we use a wide range of ingredients with children and young people they will learn new words about staying safe near hot surfaces. †¢Messy play will-support and allow children to use their senses to investigate and play with assorted messy materials adults and children can discuss senses and feelings and learn how to chat to describe things that they like or dislike. The wide range of equipment we make available and the diverse range of sensory and exciting toys that we provide encourage a child to interact as they play. It provides a fun way to involve and encourage a child or young person to discuss, chat and, develops their speech, language and communication

5 Parallelism Problems in Sentence Structure

5 Parallelism Problems in Sentence Structure 5 Parallelism Problems in Sentence Structure 5 Parallelism Problems in Sentence Structure By Mark Nichol It’s easy to produce a faultily constructed sentence by neglecting to install all the necessary parts. Each of the sentences below lacks a small but essential component that helps render the statement sturdy and structurally sound; read each discussion for an explanation of the flaw. 1. â€Å"Lifelong interest and enthusiasm for science is instilled through science literacy.† Take the phrase â€Å"and enthusiasm† out of the sentence, and you’re left with â€Å"Lifelong interest for science is instilled through science literacy.† Here, the subject is followed by the wrong preposition. Omit â€Å"and enthusiasm for,† and the result is â€Å"Lifelong interest science is instilled through science literacy.† Now, the subject lacks any preposition. The solution? Each noun in the noun phrase â€Å"interest and enthusiasm† requires its own appropriate preposition: â€Å"Lifelong interest in and enthusiasm for science is instilled through science literacy.† (Depending on emphasis desired, â€Å"and enthusiasm for† may be bracketed by a pair of commas, parentheses, or em dashes but is correct without any interruptive signals.) 2. â€Å"They’re noisy, they’re tiny, weigh fifty pounds, and can be souped up from a speed of thirty-five miles per hour.† Of the four elements in this list, two are preceded by pronouns and two aren’t. To achieve parallel compliance, all the elements must share one pronoun (â€Å"They’re noisy, tiny, weigh fifty pounds, and can be souped up from a speed of thirty-five miles per hour†), or each requires its own (â€Å"They’re noisy, they’re tiny, they weigh fifty pounds, and they can be souped up from a speed of thirty-five miles per hour†). 3. â€Å"They run farther, longer, and never get fat.† The first two elements share a verb, and the third has its own. However, just as in the apportionment of pronouns in the example above, one verb must apply to all, or each element must have its own verb (especially if a single verb is not appropriate for all the elements). In this case, the verbs must differ. Depending on the context, either revise the sentence so that farther and longer share the verb run (â€Å"They run farther and longer and never get fat†), or provide longer with its own verb (â€Å"They run farther, last longer, and never get fat†). 4. â€Å"John Smith is off the streets, sober, and has a job.† The rule set forth in the previous sentence applies for simple â€Å"to-be† verbs as well. Revise the sentence to read, â€Å"John Smith is off the streets, is sober, and has a job† or â€Å"John Smith is off the streets and sober and has a job.† 5. â€Å"That opinion was uttered not by John Doe, but one of his vice presidents.† The preposition by must be repeated at the head of the second clause to match the structure of the first clause: â€Å"That opinion was uttered not by John Doe, but by one of his vice presidents.† The sentence could be recast in active voice (â€Å"One of John Doe’s vice presidents, not Doe himself, uttered that opinion†), but the change doesn’t necessarily improve the statement. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Addressing A Letter to Two PeopleTop 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad)When to Spell Out Numbers

Universal Themes Essays

Universal Themes Essays Universal Themes Paper Universal Themes Paper Make a Copy Common themes All of life is connected Each life, no matter how small, matters Life is too brief Youth (innocence) and beauty do not last We dont appreciate what we have until it is gone Pride can blind us to the truth Small acts of kindness and/or generosity can have a tremendous effect Courage can reward those who push themselves Sometimes we learn too late what we need to know Social status, beauty, wealth, etc. Do not matter We learn through trial, hardship, or pain those lessons most valuable The individual is sometimes in conflict with society Individuals are often alienated and alone Agglomerations is a fierce inner force, but is often thwarted or delayed by o outside forces Fantasy is sometimes more real than everyday reality Mortality is inevitable Human beings are sometimes too weak or too blind to do what is right We often want what others have or we often want what we cannot have Fear, jealousy, and greed are destructive emotions People of all cultures and of all times are more alike than they are different Nature does not care about people Each of us is alone, often feeling small or frightened in the world Evil exists in the heart of men (and women) Power can be a compelling force Activity One: Now write a universal theme statement for these thematic sues actions What is truth? What is beauty? What is real? What is justice? What is honor? What is love? What does it mean to live a good life? What does it mean to be a hero? What does it mean to have courage? What does it mean to be a friend? Activity Two: From your blobs identify which of the themes above or below match your topic. Then, determine at least one rhetorical strategy used, and then, defend, shall Eng or qualify it. In other words, why is it important? Summarize your blob or article. Match to a theme State the rhetorical strategy Defend, challenge or qualify it More themes Value of technology in education Slavery Function of humor and humorists in society Daylight Savings Time Midwestern values Effects of a consumer culture Individual and conformity free speech effect of television on society environmental issues effect of adversity on ones character value of penny coins scientific research methods corporate advertising/sponsorship in schools national school curriculum intellectualisms effect of dissent in America Effect of advertising on society emigration ethics of rewarding charitable acts in school what museum artifacts represent value of muckrakers/whistle blowers rascals how fads reflect American values effect of money in society value/effect of personal opinion/commentary in society compulsory voting effect of reading on independent thought consumerism and advertising poverty the Mississippi River value of trial and error thinking cultural differences comm on sense and personal values protecting the environment morality cultural norms effect of entertainment on society admiration of birds in flight plagiarism in school effects of Civil War from Lincoln point of view childhood memories abuse of power appreciation for natural world/beauty man versus machine/technology selfsameness limitations of viewing the world through photographic images Activity three: Put these themes in a two column table and write the theme in the first column and an idea of your own original thought about the topic in the second. Value of Technology in Education Technology in education helps students keep up with the latest technology and prepare them for the work place. It also allows students to explore a topic deeply.

Easiest Colleges to Get Into

Easiest Colleges to Get Into SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Applying to colleges is stressful, and you often don't know whether you've gotten in until well after you've submitted your application.It's therefore useful to have safety schools as a backup. These are colleges that you're almost certain you'll get into if you apply. We've compiled a thorough guide of the easiest colleges to get into in the United States. Find out which schools have the highest admissions rates, which schools give you guaranteed admissions if you meet absolute requirements, and which schools have the lowest average SAT/ACT scores. What an "easy college to get into" usually depends on your specific circumstances and application. If you scored a perfect 2400 on the SAT or 36 on the ACT, most colleges will be easy to get into. For below average students, schools that have high admission rates and low requirements will be easy colleges to get into. Whatever your personal situation, having "safety schools" is critical to your college application strategy. You don't want to end up with zero admissions offers in your senior spring, so it's important to have a few schools that you're almost certain will accept you if you apply. Thus, we've compiled three collections of schools that are easy to get into in their own way. First, we'll discuss schools in the US with the highest admission rates, which means nearly all the people who apply to them get admitted. Next, we'll find schools withguaranteed admissions - if you meet their requirements, they will guarantee you a spot, no matter what. Finally, we'll discuss schools with thelowest average SAT/ACT scores - if you're performing a bit below average, these schools are a good bet for you. Colleges with the Highest Admissions Rates (Top 100) The hardest schools to get into have admissions rates below 10% - Harvard, for example, has an admissions rate of 5.9%. Out of 1000 students who apply, only 59 get in. In contrast, the easist colleges to get into have nearly 100% admissions rates - if you apply, you can almost certainly get in. Unlike community colleges (which also have 100% admissions rates), the below schools are usually affiliated with state university systems. Here's a list of the 100 colleges with the highest admissions rates: School City State Admissions Rate Bismarck State College Bismarck ND 100% City University of Seattle Seattle WA 100% CUNY - College of Staten Island Staten Island NY 100% CUNY - Medgar Evers College Brooklyn NY 100% Daytona State College Daytona Beach FL 100% Dixie State College of Utah Saint George UT 100% Granite State College Concord NH 100% Indian River State College Fort Pierce FL 100% Jarvis Christian College Hawkins TX 100% Metropolitan State University St. Paul MN 100% Missouri Western State University St. Joseph MO 100% New Mexico Highlands University Las Vegas NM 100% Oklahoma State University - Oklahoma City Oklahoma City OK 100% University of Maryland - University College Adelphi MD 100% University of Pikeville Pikeville KY 100% University of the Potomac Washington DC 100% Utah Valley University Orem UT 100% Wayne State College Wayne NE 100% Weber State University Ogden UT 100% Western International University Tempe AZ 100% Cameron University Lawton OK 99.80% Lewis-Clark State College Lewiston ID 99.80% University of Texas - El Paso El Paso TX 99.80% Brigham Young University - Idaho Rexburg ID 99.60% Wilmington University New Castle DE 99.50% Lyndon State College Lyndonville VT 99.30% Montana State University - Billings Billings MT 99.30% Kendall College Chicago IL 99.20% Virginia Intermont College Bristol VA 99% Ottawa University Ottawa KS 98.90% Wayland Baptist University Plainview TX 98.60% Utah State University Logan UT 98.50% Pfeiffer University Misenheimer NC 98.30% Washburn University Topeka KS 98.20% East Central University Ada OK 98.10% Midland University Fremont NE 98% Walden University Minneapolis MN 98.00% Colorado Christian University Lakewood CO 97.60% Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College St. Mary-of-the-Woods IN 97.50% Huntington University Huntington IN 97.30% Missouri Southern State University Joplin MO 97.30% Evergreen State College Olympia WA 97.10% Ohio Christian University Circleville OH 97.10% Benedictine College Atchison KS 97% University of Sioux Falls Sioux Falls SD 97% University of St. Francis Fort Wayne IN 96.80% Indiana Wesleyan University Marion IN 96.70% Nyack College Nyack NY 96.70% University of Akron Akron OH 96.50% Wright State University Dayton OH 96.30% Martin Luther College New Ulm MN 96.20% Kansas State University Manhattan KS 95.90% Wichita State University Wichita KS 95.80% University of Montana Missoula MT 95.70% Hodges University Naples FL 95.60% University of Wyoming Laramie WY 95.50% Victory University Memphis TN 95.50% Colorado State University - Pueblo Pueblo CO 95.40% University of Maine - Augusta Augusta ME 95.40% Carlow University Pittsburgh PA 95.20% University of Houston - Downtown Houston TX 95.10% Bethel University St. Paul MN 94.90% Lubbock Christian University Lubbock TX 94.90% Bellarmine University Louisville KY 94.80% Berkeley College Woodland Park NJ 94.70% Concordia University Texas Austin TX 94.60% Wiley College Marshall TX 94.40% Shepherd University Shepherdstown WV 94.30% Berkeley College New York NY 94.20% Neumann University Aston PA 94% Trinity International University Deerfield IL 93.90% Marygrove College Detroit MI 93.80% Walla Walla University College Place WA 93.80% Southern Wesleyan University Central SC 93.70% Clarion University of Pennsylvania Clarion PA 93.50% Judson University Elgin IL 93.40% St. John's College Santa Fe NM 93.40% Northern State University Aberdeen SD 93.30% Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN 93.20% University of the Incarnate Word San Antonio TX 93.10% Virginia Wesleyan College Norfolk VA 92.90% Franklin Pierce University Rindge NH 92.70% Mary Baldwin College Staunton VA 92.50% Southern Oregon University Ashland OR 92.50% Grand View University Des Moines IA 92.30% Mansfield University of Pennsylvania Mansfield PA 92.30% Regis University Denver CO 92.30% Western Kentucky University Bowling Green KY 92.30% Western State Colorado University Gunnison CO 92.30% Bard College at Simon's Rock Great Barrington MA 92.20% Linfield College McMinnville OR 92.20% Iona College New Rochelle NY 92.10% University of Central Arkansas Conway AR 92.10% Freed-Hardeman University Henderson TN 92% South Carolina State University Orangeburg SC 92% South Dakota State University Brookings SD 91.90% Davenport University Grand Rapids MI 91.70% Lee University Cleveland TN 91.70% Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL 91.40% Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 91.40% These are definitely some of the easiest schools to get into. Applying to any of these schools will give you a great shot at getting in. For schools that have less than a 100% admissions rate, you should still create a target SAT score or target ACT score so you can figure out what minimum SAT/ACT score you need to get in. Colleges with Guaranteed Admissions Some colleges have policies that grant youautomatically grant you admission once you fulfill their academic criteria. The school will usually require a minimum GPA and/or a minimum SAT/ACT score. If you exceed these guidelines, you're in! What's the difference from the 100% colleges above?These schools are actually typically more selective for the overall population. For example, University of Texas at Austin has a 40.2% acceptance rate, but if you're a Texas resident and are in the top 10% of your class, you'll automatically be admitted. These schools are therefore more competitive (and usually have a better reputation) than the schools in the list above, so if you qualify, these are good bets for safety schools. Each school has different criteria, but we've done the hard work of gathering all the schools in one list for you - just click on the school to see their exact admissions policies. California State University Central Washington University Mississippi State University North Dakota State University Oklahoma State University South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Southern Illinois University Truman State University University of Arkansas University of Denver University of Iowa University of Kansas University of Las Vegas University of Mississippi University of Southern Mississippi University of St Francis University of Texas If you pick one, this might be the easiest college to get into for you. Colleges with the Lowest SAT/ACT Scores Aside from the schools listed already, some schools have very low SAT/ACT score averages. If you score above the average, you're very likely to be admitted. These represent some of the colleges that are easy to get into. Some of these schools have already appeared above, but here we show their 25th percentile and 75th percentile SAT scores (their ACT scores will be similar when you convert the SAT to the ACT). School 25th %ile 75th %ile Northern State University 790 20 Union College 880 40 Rust College 970 60 North Park University 935 68 University of Louisiana at Lafayette 940 90 University of South Dakota 890 1200 Livingstone College 950 1210 University of Louisiana Monroe 940 1220 Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science 1066 1233 Saint Pauls College 800 1260 University of Michigan Dearborn 968 1260 Paine College 1010 1280 Chowan University 1040 1290 Marietta College 940 1290 Lincoln Christian University 40 1291 Pine Manor College 990 1300 Edward Waters College 1050 1310 Kentucky State University 1016 1318 University of Missouri Kansas City 1000 1330 Virginia State University 1090 1335 School of the Art Institute of Chicago 900 1340 Fayetteville State University 40 1350 University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff 1018 1353 Elizabeth City State University 50 1360 Missouri Valley College 90 1360 Texas Southern University 00 1360 Grand View University 40 1370 Savannah State University 40 1370 North Carolina Central University 60 1380 What to Do Next Even if you're applying to the nation's easiest colleges to get into, you'll still need to take the SAT or ACT. Figure out what your SAT Target Score or ACT Target Score ought to be, for the schools you're applying to. Find out what the best SAT and ACT test dates are and how to organize your testing schedule. Aiming high? Find out what it takes to get a perfect SAT score. Even if you feel your chances at college are low right now, we still heavily encourage you to try to improve your SAT or ACT score.Increasing your SAT score by 120 points or your ACT score by 3 points will completely change the quality of school that you can get into. This can have a huge impact on your salary after graduation. At PrepScholar, we've built the leading online SAT/ACT prep program. It's special because it customizes your prep program to you - you'll improve the most by spending the least time studying. Best of all, we offer a score improvement guarantee - if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points, we give all your money back. Sign up for our 5-day free trial today: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Allen Cheng About the Author As co-founder and head of product design at PrepScholar, Allen has guided thousands of students to success in SAT/ACT prep and college admissions. He's committed to providing the highest quality resources to help you succeed. Allen graduated from Harvard University summa cum laude and earned two perfect scores on the SAT (1600 in 2004, and 2400 in 2014) and a perfect score on the ACT. You can also find Allen on his personal website, Shortform, or the Shortform blog. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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International Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

International Criminal Justice - Essay Example There are no guidelines that can serve societies that have endured a governing process that included crimes against humanity and gross abuses f human rights, but that is currently making a democratic transition based on constitutionalism and respect for the individual. Fashioning an appropriate approach is rendered more difficult to the extent that the former regime voluntarily gave up power as part f a bargain with the democratic opposition, and yet remains on the scene, even continuing to control the armed forces and internal police apparatus. The Southern Cone countries f Chile and Argentina pose this challenge in its sharpest possible form, but the same type f issue is posed for many other countries, including South Africa and several Central American countries. The complexity f this challenge has been widely revealed over the course f the last year or so by the controversy surrounding the arrest f the former Chilean dictator, Augusto Pinochet. At issue most fundamentally is whether international standards governing the accountability f leaders takes precedence over the implementation f a national bargain in Chile, giving Pinochet effective immunity, and even a position f Senator for Life. Extending law to govern crimes f state has more generally resurfaced in this period as a result f the end f the Cold War, and even more so, the human abuse arising from the break-up f the former Yugoslavia during the course f the 1990s. For one thing, a special criminal tribunal has been established at The Hague with authority over such allegations, as well as a parallel effort arising from the genocidal events that occurred in Rwanda in 1994. As well, through a transnational coalition f NGOs in collaboration with a series f governments, the Rome Treaty was signed in 1998 with the goal f establishing a permanent international criminal court. (Dammer 2006, 100-102) How can we explain this resurgence f intergovernmental interest in criminal accountability for political and military leaders acting under the authority f their respective sovereign states The impulse to impose such responsibility originated in a half-hearted way after World War I, with the Versailles Peace Treaty recommending a criminal prosecution f Kaiser Wilhelm and a duty for Germany to carry on against lesser figures in a special court established at Leipzig. These initiatives came to nothing, the Kaiser finding asylum in nearby Holland, and the Leipzig trials exhibiting Germany's lack f political will to punish its own nationals. International involvement between nations is not new. (Grotius 1853, 1-7) The twentieth century, however, has seen an incredible increase in the number and variety f international organizations, including the failed League f Nations f the 1920s, other post World War I agreements, and the United Nations and Bretton Woods agreements following World War II. The second half f the century has seen a virtual explosion f governmental and non-governmental organizations operating in the world arena. (Weigend 2002, 1232-1242) Despite the phenomenal growth f international cooperation and interdependence, the world is increasingly less humane. Conflicts generating Nazi-like atrocities have increased since the end ÃŽ ¿f that regime, (Brown 1999, 10-11) as exemplified by ethnic conflicts in Rwanda, Bosnia, Indonesia, Sierra Leone, and Kosovo.  

Human Resource Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Human Resource Planning - Essay Example Human resource management strategies usually involve adopting several organizational objectives and goals. After this adaptation, the organizations try to translate the objectives and goals into an integrated, complementary and consistent set of policies and programs for employee management process (Mello, 2011). However, it does not imply that the strategic human resource management is kneejerk in nature. Although human resource management strategy is basically derived from business or corporate unit strategies, this human resource management strategy generally developed in a proactive manner. Under the human resource management strategies, several HR staffs try to design and develop suitable HR systems in order to meet the expected workplace condition that can enhance several organizational operations. Senior HR professionals are considered as the important member of the top management team. These HR professionals should significantly involve in the business or corporate unit strat egic planning. It will help the top management of the organization to integrate key HRM concerns with overall organizational planning. On the other hand, several HR executives in the organization should inform the top management of the organization about the skills and competencies of the organizational workforce. This will help them to measure the impact of developed strategic plans. (B) There are several components and processes associated with the HRM strategy development. Human resource planning is the first and most important component of HRM strategy. This human resource planning considers translating corporate strategic initiatives into an effective workable plan. Effective HR planning allows the human resource function to significantly contribute to the effectiveness of an organization by arranging a foundation for the proactive management (Mello, 2011). Most importantly, human resource planning helps to facilitate several key processes within an organization. Effective huma n resource planning enhances the leadership activities through significant planning. Effective leadership process helps to reduce the threat of the disruption of daily organizational operations. On the other hand, effective human resource planning basically facilitates several strategic planning through the examination of the availability of skilled employees and skill sets. Moreover, it facilitates the realization of trends and shifts in the labor market by the examination of employee capabilities and job requirements. Employee development is the key process that is associated with human resource planning. Effective human resource planning enhances employee development through the determination of skills and competencies of those employees. Appropriate budget planning and suitable resource allocation can be enhanced through effective human resource planning. Last but not the least; it can be stated that employee shortages and surplus can be facilitated through this human resource p lanning. Question 2 It is clear from above discussion that human resource planning is the major component of human resource strategy. The organizations generally develop their human resource strategies after developing and understanding corporate and business unit strategies. Once the business objectives and goals are understood, an effective understanding of workforce, planning for assumed surplus and shortages in specific skill sets and occupation will be needed. Several important demographic

Process-Flow Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Process-Flow Analysis - Term Paper Example The Advanced Products Department (APD), which produces the specialty goods, has reformulated its corporate policy. In the early years, this company has built up and manufactured Echo Weather Satellites, which were launched into space. Three major diversified divisions of this company are: the material division, electrical goods, and advanced goods division. This study consists of company overview, SWOT analysis conclusion and recommendation regarding the company. Company Overview: Shipper Manufacturing Company has commenced its business in 1984 as a small organization, manufacturing bare copper wire in Missouri and Sikeston. With only a small number of workers the company started to market goods to electrical distributors in the area of Midwest. From this small beginning, they have developed as a large scale copper wire producer, offering a wide range of wire and cable merchandise to wholesale electrical dispensers across the nation. Nowadays, they also produce laminated equipment an d specialty products such as connectors’ conduits etc. Shipper Manufacturing Company holds a â€Å"Voice of the Consumer Exercise† where interval and external consumer expectations and needs are brainstormed, communicated. Thereby, they make endeavors to guarantee consumer satisfaction and integrate client specifications into the merchandise engineering procedure by doing a â€Å"House of Quality Exercise†. Shipper manufacturing business possesses a manual scheme in its procedures that adds the human ingredient. Frequently, this human ingredient entails mix up or incompetence by causing delays in the manufacturing process as a result of operator mistake and negligence. â€Å"Companies that previously made decisions based on the likelihood that enough defense business would be available to justify ongoing investment in plants, equipment, technology and skilled personnel face the prospect of little or no business. Loss of a single competition could drive a compan y out of a line of business entirely or prompt it to leave the defense sector† (Blakey, 2011, p. 4). SWOT Analysis: Identifying the Strengths and Weaknesses before tackling the Opportunities and Threats is the best method to approach the analysis. The more dominant the Strengths and Opportunities the better they can both be seen as the better achievement of this company. The purpose is to be in a position where it can decide a plan for the future to improve their overall performance. Strengths: Present financial position is quite stable. Availability of skilled labor force. Most recent machinery installed Own properties Outstanding transport links Non-threatening/little competition Weaknesses: Producers take indirect ways to reach their warehouses. The lack of feasible alternative routes when normal routes are blocked during manufacture. Stock problems Opportunities: Advancing globalization More flexible tax regimes Increasingly mobile workforce â€Å"New corporate strategies and processes are required to deal with an industry which is being reshaped through market consolidation and shifts in the balance of world trade† (Opportunities and Challenges for the Shipping Industries, 2007, para. 1). Threats: A high level of financial expansion would normally lead to high demand for manufacturing raw materials, which in turn will increase exports and imports. The shipper manufacturi

CVS Pharmacy Essay Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CVS Pharmacy Essay Project - Research Paper Example As an organization, CVS is well aware of the fact that a company’s culture has got great impact on its customers and performance. They are very much successful of building up their identity as one of the biggest pharmacy innovation company. To be precise, the organizational culture of CVS could be highlighted in three ways. The CVS has a tradition to honor their best employees with appreciation by means of awards and incentives. This creates a motivational boom within the employees and they tend to work harder. At the end of each calendar year two Award functions are held at CVS. Paragon Awards to honor the best employees in different departments. Chairman’s Awards are held to appreciate the members of the corporate management. This not only motivates the employees but by following this tradition CVS is able to produce remarkable results as an organization. One of the best parts of CVS’s culture is their diverse management. This enables CVS to satisfy the needs of the customer and provide them with best of their services (Berlinski, 2006). Diversity helps them to attract and maintain the talented people to work for them. The management always welcomes new innovations and ideas for improvement from their colleagues and everyone has equal right to contribute to the success. It was completely an honor and pleasure to use the CVS Care Mark a couple of weeks before. One of the best customer services that I have ever witnessed till date. As I entered into the store I was greeted with immense respect as if I was a celebrity. The name of the lady who guided me through was Lorna. It was so nice to see such a helpful clerk working in the store who makes its customers feel so comfortable. The most unique part of the CVS Caremark is its instant response to the customers need. I can say this because the moment I placed my order,

Final ex - short answer questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final ex - short answer questions - Assignment Example 2) Budget deficits lead to high interest in the, which in turn reduces the net foreign investment. The reduction in the net foreign investment increases the demand of dollars due to reduction in dollar supply. This makes the E to appreciate in value and reducing the value of NX. 2) The Fed should conduct a policy to stabilize the production of goods and services. In this case the fiscal policy should have aimed at stabilizing the production. The policies should ensure that the prices dont adjust immediately. For an economy in recession, the Keynesian takes the cation of stabilizing output by the use monetary policies and fiscal policies. They believe that the government should take the place of restoring the economic order, but not the private sector. They believe that expansive monetary policies will create employment and fiscal policies will avail more money for lending hence investments and economic order. The classicalists advocate for keeping in order the supply factors to bring economic growth. They emphasize on improving the supply side of production so as to achieve economic growth. In this case the factors of production such as labor and capital should be increased, hence increasing the level of output. They emphasize on the use of market sources to stabilize the economy. Increase in domestic production will lead to large exports, hence export earnings and a favorable balance of payments. The monetarists advocate of growing the supply of money at a low constant rate, in order to maintain the price relatively constant. Emphasize that fiscal policies such as increasing the spending by the government will lead to increased interest rates. The fractional reserve banking was to be blamed for the Great Depression of 1929-1933. The high reserve requirement ratio leads to very minimal withdrawals by the account holders. This in turn made them to have a very minimal amount to

Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Management Accounting - Essay Example The facts discussed above give rise to the importance of employing an accounting method which takes into account the full costs of operation. Consequently, full cost accounting allows managers to give an appropriate cost to the companys products and services to include a fair share of overheads to each unit produced. This paper will take a look at the presently used costing methods in business organizations namely traditional and activity based costing. The next section will discuss how cost accounting was traditionally conducted. Next, it will focus on the recently recognized activity based costing and how it is utilized. Lastly, this report will compare the two methods and apply them to real world examples to asses their relative efficiency. Traditionally, all costs were orinally fixed. In fact, cost comes from a Latin word which means â€Å"to stand.† However, developments were made as managers recognized the efficiency of categorizing costs into either fixed or variable. As we now know, fixed costs refer to administrative expenses which remain â€Å"fixed† in either busy or slack seasons. On the other hand, variable costs are those which significantly varies with the number of output produced and are dependent on business productivity. Variable costs are those which naturally â€Å"rise† or â€Å"fall† with business activity (Cost Accounting 2006). Traditional costing is one of the simplest way of costing products and services. In this system, it is assumed that costs are directly associated with the volume of production as a single cost is given to all products and services. Hence, this costing method presupposes that as the level of production goes up, so does cost. Traditional costing essentially uses unit-based costing which alloates manufacturing overhead based on the unit of products manufactured (ABC Concepts 2000). Accordingly, the traditional approach to

Final ex - short answer questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final ex - short answer questions - Assignment Example 2) Budget deficits lead to high interest in the, which in turn reduces the net foreign investment. The reduction in the net foreign investment increases the demand of dollars due to reduction in dollar supply. This makes the E to appreciate in value and reducing the value of NX. 2) The Fed should conduct a policy to stabilize the production of goods and services. In this case the fiscal policy should have aimed at stabilizing the production. The policies should ensure that the prices dont adjust immediately. For an economy in recession, the Keynesian takes the cation of stabilizing output by the use monetary policies and fiscal policies. They believe that the government should take the place of restoring the economic order, but not the private sector. They believe that expansive monetary policies will create employment and fiscal policies will avail more money for lending hence investments and economic order. The classicalists advocate for keeping in order the supply factors to bring economic growth. They emphasize on improving the supply side of production so as to achieve economic growth. In this case the factors of production such as labor and capital should be increased, hence increasing the level of output. They emphasize on the use of market sources to stabilize the economy. Increase in domestic production will lead to large exports, hence export earnings and a favorable balance of payments. The monetarists advocate of growing the supply of money at a low constant rate, in order to maintain the price relatively constant. Emphasize that fiscal policies such as increasing the spending by the government will lead to increased interest rates. The fractional reserve banking was to be blamed for the Great Depression of 1929-1933. The high reserve requirement ratio leads to very minimal withdrawals by the account holders. This in turn made them to have a very minimal amount to

Political Campaign Videos Essay Example for Free

Political Campaign Videos Essay Shifts in the campaign films â€Å"The Sky is the Limit† by George Bush and â€Å"A New Beginning† by Ronald Reagan must have been very evident to expert media critics, but were not at all noticeable for average reasonable television viewers, making the films more effective materials in campaign. Let us first take a look at the campaign film of George Bush. The first of the film â€Å"A New Beginning† engaged the viewers to listen and take a look at Bush’ personal life. It contained clips of Bush’ father, mother and wife talking about him and that is where â€Å"personal† or â€Å"emotional appeal† comes in, because it was the family of Bush speaking. Bush’ parents talked about how loving and wonderful he is as a son. Even his love life was discussed by his wife, telling the audience that Bush is a type of person who keeps his words which he proved when he married Laura right away as promised. At this early part of the film, the film seemed to be just a simple documentary of George Bush’ personal life, until a clip of George Bush saying â€Å"I am the person who likes to smile† came in. He was saying that he likes to laugh, with his face extremely closed up while driving, followed by a very short clip showing himself laughing at a political assembly. This, then, is the start of political campaign and is also the first shift in the movie. The shift was made very subtly, though, because there was a mix of personal appeal and political campaign. The next clip was Carlos Ramirez talking about Bush being a person full of family values. While the topic was still very personal, the interviewee was a political person, Carlos Ramirez being the mayor of El Paso. With this, the combination of politics and personal appeal was created, signaling the second shift that was about to happen. This is indeed a clue that the next shift will be from personal-political to something that’s purely political. The third shift is marked by an interview with Ernie Ladd, a co-founder of a mentoring program for leadership called â€Å"PULL. † Ernie Ladd was talking about Bush’ performance as a leader. When the topic is about leadership, it clearly shows that the current focus of the clip was into politics. To soften the blow, Bush was shown on TV again, being back to a regular guy for another shot at personal appeal. Then again, it was still political because here, he was talking about change. At first, he was sympathizing over children who were coming from very difficult situations and comparing it to his wonderful life. He said he wanted to change this and make lives better for all children, while uttering the purely political line â€Å"This is the reason why I want to run as a governor of Texas. † The campaign, at this stage, is at its full swing. Another shift was created, but this time, there was an effort in emphasizing the goals of Bush in the elections. Phyllis Hunter, a representative from READ of the state of Texas, talked about changed which Bush caused in the state. She further explained the positive changes which took place in Texas which may not have been impossible without Bush. â€Å"She gave testimonials on how helpful Bush is as a person which can be seen through her exact words, I have seen a big difference since he has been governor of the state of Texas in the amount of supports that we have to help us as educators reach the standards. He said if you need it, we’ll get it for you. We have websites, we have grant programs, we have teacher training in the state of Texas, and we have George leading the way (Parmelee, 2003, p. 52). † From this point, the film became highly political because what were shown were purely campaign materials. There was Bush talking to kids while reading their letters to him, in which a letter even contained a wish for Bush to win. Here, Bush tells the kids that he hopes he wins, too. This campaign material was given drama and personal appeal when the kids were involved. Lastly, Bush was uttering the words â€Å"I’m confident I can do the job that people want me to do. I’m a proud member of my party, but Im more than that; I’m an American. I love my country. I love what America stands for. I’m going to remind people that were lucky to be Americans (Parmelee, 2003, p. 52). † Ending the film is a song entitled â€Å"We the People† matched with a loud applause. Ronald Raegans film â€Å"A New Beginning†, on the other hand, starts with a footage of his inauguration. While uttering his constitutional oath, a montage of Americans leading a normal life was overlapping with his voice. His oath, then, functioned as a voice over to regular citizens who tended animals, tilled the lands, worked in offices, and the likes. It was indeed a technique that made the film strong because the film was able to make portray that the heroes of the United States are the Americans, and not Ronald Raegan himself. From this scene, a shift was made to Raegan talking about how he finds his job in the political arena, saying that â€Å"hearing honest views while having meetings† coming from the executive branch of the government makes him inspired as a political leader. After mentioning people from the executive branch, the film shifts to ordinary people again, giving testimonials on how they have learned values like patriotism, respect and pride because of Reagan. It was in the fourth shift when a sudden change can be noticed, because the music suddenly became dramatic, having the lyrics â€Å"Freedom, they cant take that away, I am proud to be an American† as a contributing factor to the emotional appeal. This part extended to a few minutes (as long as the whole song) and converted the film temporarily into a music video until it was cut to a few clips showing Reagan’s trips to demilitarized zones in Asia. In this shift, the film showcased the military power of a country where Reagan shows how delighted he is to hear pride among soldiers. He then meets the soldiers from South Korea and greets then one by one with the words â€Å"I am proud to know you. † This way, he is sending the message that we should emulate his behaviour of acknowledging these soldiers or â€Å"heroes† everytime we see them. Testimonials from ordinary Americans are inserted again, in which everyone says that they get to spend more money and they can feel the progress of the economy since Raegan led the nation. The topic of inflation was also discussed, with statistics mentioned to prove that he is most concerned with inflation and security of elders. The music in this scene is lively and victorious, followed, again, by testimonials from other people. The most dramatic shift comes with the topic of the assassination attempt on him. This part was purely emotional and personal, sharing to the audience the moment he talked to the doctor and the doctor told him â€Å"God must be on your shoulder. † However, an abrupt change occurred when a sudden lively music entered the scene, showing again his trips to Asian countries. This time, he says that people go to the West, which shows that the West, then, provides future for the people. He says that Americans have a lot to offer, which brought a change on the clip by inserting a clip about the World War II veterans who risked and sacrificed their lives at Point d’Hoc. He tells us that men these days can be found in offices, stores, farms and shops as a result of a free society all because the military force helped the nation achieve it. After this, the film becomes political when Reagan started talking about reform, simplifying taxes and creating enterprise zones and business incentives. From this, he also talks about peace which he achieved because he is helping people. The film ended with the song God Bless The USA (Morreale, 1991, p. 84). The values common to these two films are pride, patriotism, generosity, leadership, spirituality and respect. What makes these films different are how these two define themselves. Bush defines himself as a person full of family values, someone who wants to make everybody happy, respectful of his parents, wanting to create change, full of optimism and reaching big dreams, in which his being a family-person and wanting to create change is emphasized. Reagan defines himself as a person who respects heroes, full of patriotism, prioritizes economy of the nation, advocates freedom, spiritual and a peace-lover. In this, his respect for heroes or military and his patriotism are emphasized. Musical scores that are lively and victorious support the progress, dreams and freedom the candidates are portraying in the film. The sentimental songs support the personal and emotional appeal of the film, which helped in making the audience feel what the candidates wanted them to feel. Visual images also had a role – American flags, innocent kids, boy scouts, soldiers, baseball, laughter, sunrises – all these promoting a positive vibe for their personality, making the candidates look as more positive individuals in front of the camera.